Особенности аграрного развития Арктики и Севера Якутии в 80-е – 90-е гг. ХХ в.: положение традиционного хозяйства коренного населения = Fundamentals of the Sustainable Development Policy of Indigenous Peoples of the North: on the Issue of Institutionalization in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

В статье, подготовленной в рамках плановой НИР, представлен обзор традиционного хозяйства коренного населения Арктики и Севера Якутии в контексте аграрного развития региона в последние два десятилетия XX в. Особое внимание уделено таким показателям, как сельское население и его расселение на основеприродно-хозяйственного районирования, земельные ресурсы, а также из традиционных занятий – динамика поголовья в традиционном животноводстве. Анализ основан на официальных статистических данных и архивных источниках. Полученные количественные данные будут служить базой для дальнейших исследований. The article provides a novel overview of the situation in the traditional farming of the indigenous rural population of the Arctic and Northern Yakutia in the 80–90s of the 20th Century. Based on the approaches of anthropology of the traditional way of life, we describe the natural and economic zoning of the studied region, land resources in three groups of districts are presented, and the population dynamics in domestic reindeer husbandry, horse herding, and cattle breeding are shown. At the same time, this article is presented as a historical study based on official statistical data and archival documents. Throughout the period under review, in the 15 Arctic and northern regions of Yakutia, first state farms, then followed by new categories of farms maintained the specialization of agricultural production by district groups, which is confirmed by the pattern of distribution of land resources. When accounting for the land resources of farms, the actual situation remained that agricultural land in the republic's land reserve included only hay fields and pastures for cattle, while deer and horse pastures were accounted for separately. Thus, the land resources of Arctic and northern husbandries could not be assessed comprehensively, hence the precarity of husbandries and their economic situation. The dynamics of livestock in the three areas of traditional animal husbandry is presented in the tables and allows us to analyze quantitative data, in particular, it indicates a strong decrease in the number of deer, horses and cattle