В статье рассматривается семантика и функционирование мотива небесного / божественного происхождения героя в сюжетной структуре ранних типов олонхо о богатырях Нюргунах. Наличие этого мотива в богатырской биографии трактуется как показатель степени архаичности и мифологичности эпического повествования. У таких богатырей изначально предопределена миссия защитника племени. В их действиях отмечается прямая связь с верховными божествами, что находит выражение в просьбе героя о помощи, обращении к божествам через пение, контакт с божествами через посредников. Особое внимание уделено выявлению специфики функционирования мифологических персонажей Верхнего мира.
The article examines the semantics and functioning of the motif of the hero’s celestial (divine) origin in the plot structure of early texts of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho about the bogatyrs of the Nyurgun type. The presence of this motif in the hero’s biography is interpreted as an indicator of the degree of archaicity and mythological nature of the epic narrative, which is expressed in its inextricable connection with the motif of the hero’s descent to the Middle World. Bogatyrs of celestial origin are predestined from birth for the lofty mission of protecting the Aiyy tribe. Their deeds are marked by a direct connection with the supreme deities, who are not indifferent to the fate of their descendant sent down to the Middle World: this connection is realized through requests for help, communication by means of ritual singing, and contact via intermediaries. Kinship with celestials and the direct participation of deities in the hero’s fate are proposed to be regarded as the highest degree of the mythological component of the epic narrative, which, in later olonkho records about the Nyurguns, is either reduced or acquires other, transformed forms. Special attention is paid to identifying the plot roles and the specifics of the functioning of such mythological characters as the supreme deities, celestial forefathers of the Upper World, and the hero’s heavenly patrons.
