Рассматривается природа фразеологических единиц якутского языка фольклорного происхождения. Системному анализу подвергаются фрагменты из текста олонхо, а также паремиологические выражения как источники образования литературных фразеологизмов. Установлено, что основным способом образования данных единиц является усечение компонентного состава исконных формульных выражений. Выявлена тенденция некоторых фразеологизмов модифицировать свое первоначальное значение.
Recently, there has been a noticeable increase in interest in the study of folklore material, which is confirmed by a wide range of ongoing research, including the relationship between folklore and phraseology. The aim of this work is to study phraseological units of folklore origin from a structural, component, lexico-semantic, and linguo-cultural perspective. The study was based on expressions selected by continuous sampling from A.G. Nelunov’s “Yakut-Russian Phraseological Dictionary” [2002], “The Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Yakut Language” [2004–2018], and A.E. Kulakovsky’s scientific works (section on Yakut Proverbs and Sayings) [1979], with over a hundred examples. The following methods were used in the study: continuous sampling, complex analysis, which includes elements of structural-component, lexico-semantic, and linguo-cultural description. The analysis of the nature of phraseological units of folklore origin allows us to conclude that epic material is a rich and still-to-be-explored source that contains original folk formulas for study, observation, and use. The examples from the text of the olonkho show how most of the phraseological units formed on the basis of free folklore expressions have arisen by truncation / abbreviation, which is carried out by omission of one component or a group of components in order to save words in the derived meaning. This phenomenon is also observed in the case of paremias.
