В статье приводятся данные о мероприятиях по диагностике бруцеллеза животных. В сравнительном аспекте представлена эффективность каждого метода диагностики в отдельности и в комплексе. Аргументирована целесообразность комплексного исследования на бруцеллез, при котором наиболее полно выявляются реагирующие на бруцеллез животных находящихся в разной стадии заболевания. Многие методы диагностики бруцеллеза предлагались как универсальные, позволяющие обходиться только одной реакцией, результаты которого совпадают с суммарными результатами РА, РСК и РДСК. Так было с РИФ, РБП, ИФА, РНГА, РСКК и др. однако на практике это не оправдалось.
The article provides the data on diagnostic methods for brucellosis in animals. The effectiveness of each diagnostic method has been compared individually and taken together. The advantages of a complex study of brucellosis has been shown. It provides the most efficient detection rate of animals in different stages of the disease. Different methods to diagnose brucellosis were suggested as universal, i.e. they would allow to do only one test, the results of which would consist with the results of agglutination assay, complement fixation test and prolonged complement fixation test taken together. This was the case with immunofluorescence test, rose bengal test, ELISA, indirect hemagglutination test, conglutination complex binding test, etc. Although in practice this assumption proved to be wrong. The reason of this is the undulating character of brucellosis. The old name of the disease - "undulous fever" reflects this phenomenon. The introduction of the pathogen leads to an acute course of the disease, which is replaced by chronic and latent with periodic exacerbations. The importance of diagnostic methods, both serological and allergic, in different periods of the disease is ambiguous. Immediately after infection in the acute period the serum contains agglutinating antibodies of predominantly IgM- class, which are replaced by complementbinding antibodies of predominantly IgG- class. At the same time as complement-binding antibodies are detected by complement fixation test and prolonged complement fixation test, sick animals develop sensibilisation to homologous antigen, which is detected by an allergic reaction to brucelline. The complement fixation test and the allergic reaction to brucelline are proved to be more stable and persist longer than the agglutination assay, which in the long term of the disease periodically appears and disappears, especially during the period of exacerbation of latent form of brucellosis. The method to trigger the latent brucellosis by the introduction of antigens, including non-agglutinogenic, contributes to a more efficient detection of sick animals. For this reason, all the diagnostic methods stated above are applied in a complex, since different sensitivity and specificity, as well as the stage of the infection lead to each individual diagnostic method identifying different number of positively reacting animals.
